Sea Level Changes Along Bangladesh Coast in Relation to the Southern Oscillation Phenomenon   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

O. P. Singh Tariq Masood Ali Khan  Tad S. Murty  Md. Sazedur Rahman 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):65-72

Interannual variations of sea level along the Bangladesh coast are quite pronounced and often dominate the long-term sea level trends that are taking place. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) induced variation is an important component of interannual mode of variations. The present article deals with the relationship between the sea level variations along the Bangladesh coast and the Southern Oscillation phenomenon. The mean tide level data of monsoon season (June to September) pertaining to Hiron Point (in Sundarbans) and Char Changa (on the mouth of Meghna River) have been analyzed and correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The annual variation of mean tide level in the coastal areas of Bangladesh reveals that the tide level reaches its peak during the monsoon season. The maximum tide level during the calendar year is recorded in August. Thus, it is not surprising that the inundation of the coastal belt of Bangladesh due to the floods is most common during the summer monsoon season, especially from July to September. Therefore, the sea level variations during the monsoon are of paramount importance to Bangladesh. The results of the present study show that both at Hiron Point and Char Changa there is a substantial difference between the mean tide level during the El Niño and La Niña monsoons. The mean tide level at Hiron Point is higher by about 5 cm during August of La Niña years as compared to that during the El Niño years. The difference at Char Changa, which is located at the mouth of Meghna River, is much higher. This is probably due to the increased fresh water discharge into the Meghna River during La Niña years. Thus at the time of crossing of a monsoon depression, the chances of widespread inundation are higher during a La Nin~a year as compared to that during an El Niño year. The Correlation Coefficients (CCs) between Mean Tide Levels (MTLs) at Hiron Point and Char Changa and the SOI during September (at the end of monsoon) are +0.33 and +0.39 respectively. These CCs are statistically significant at 90% and 95% levels, respectively. These results may find applications in the preparedness programs for combating sea level associated disasters in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion     

Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):145-166

Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data.  相似文献   

Absolute Calibration of the TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeters using UK Tide Gauges,GPS, and Precise,Local Geoid-Differences     

Xiaojun Dong  Philip Woodworth  Philip Moore  Richard Bingley 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):189-204

This article describes an "absolute" calibration of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimeter bias using UK tide gauges equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The method is an extension of earlier work using the Newhaven tide gauge in the English Channel. However, the present analysis extends the research to a number of gauges around the UK and incorporates several improvements. The time-averaged TOPEX and POSEIDON biases are obtained with a precision of approximately 2 and 3 cm, respectively. The research complements work on bias determination by other groups in the T/P Science Working Team and can, in principle, be applied at other locations for which precise, local geoid-differences are available. The relatively sparse POSEIDON data set has been used as a test of our ability to perform an absolute calibration of upcoming Jason-1 altimetry as soon as possible after launch.  相似文献   

Stress changes on major faults caused by M_w7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,May 12,2008     

SHAN Bin    XIONG Xiong  ZHENG Yong & DIAO FaQi  Key Laboratory of Dynamical Geodesy 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(5)

On May 12,2008,a magnitude 7.9 earthquake ruptured the Longmenshan fault system in Sichuan Province,China,collapsing buildings and killing tens of thousands people.As predicted,aftershocks may last for at least one year,and moreover,large aftershocks are likely to occur.Therefore,it is critical to outline the areas with potential aftershocks before reconstruction and resettling people as to avoid future disasters.It is demonstrated that the redistribution of stress induced by an earthquake should trigger su...  相似文献   

大震地震波对云南地震活动的远场动态应力触发作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

解朝娣  吴小平  朱元清 《地震研究》2009,32(4)

基于云南数字地震台网记录,计算了印尼大震、昆仑山口西大震和古吉拉特邦大震的地震波在云南地区产生的远场动态库仑破裂应力变化,研究了大震产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化对云南地震活动的远场动态应力触发作用及其特征。结果显示,印尼大震产生的库仑破裂应力对云南地震活动有明显的触发作用,昆仑山口西大震产生的库仑破裂应力对云南地震活动有触发作用,但不显著,古吉拉特邦大震在云南地区产生的库仑破裂应力没有触发作用。最后分析和探讨了这3次大震触发作用差异的原因。  相似文献   

The Catalan seismic crisis (1427 and 1428; NE Iberian Peninsula): Geological sources and earthquake triggering     

Hector Perea   《Journal of Geodynamics》2009,47(5):259-270

The Catalan seismic crisis of the years 1427 and 1428 is one of the most destructive seismic episodes that happened in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula in historical times. The main earthquakes of this crisis occurred on March 19th 1427 in the zone around Amer (I_EMS-98 = VIII), May 15th 1427 in the vicinity of Olot (I_EMS-98 = VIII) and on February 2nd 1428 in the area close to Camprodon (I_EMS-98 = IX). There is much evidence that the Amer fault produced the first two events of this crisis, but is still uncertain which fault generated the earthquake on February 2nd 1428. Using newly available macroseismic data, the earthquake area sources of the three main earthquakes of the crisis have been obtained and they corroborate that the Amer fault may be the origin of the first two events. However, the area source corresponding to the last earthquake of the crisis cannot be associated to a single fault and indicates three possible candidates: the Vallfogona and Ribes-Camprodon thrusts and the Amer normal fault. Modeling of the Coulomb failure stress transfer has been performed to help determine the best candidate responsible for the February event. The results of the modeling points to: (a) a triggering relationship between the three main events of the crisis and (b) the Amer fault, or a similar extensional fault close and parallel to it, as the most probable origin of the earthquake on February 2nd 1428.  相似文献   

汶川M_S8.0级地震发生背景与过程的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈章立  赵翠萍  王勤彩  华卫  周连庆  史海霞  陈翰林 《地球物理学报》2009,52(2):455-463

本文首先阐明汶川M_S8.0级地震发生在由区域布格重力异常和地震震中分布所确定的武都—松潘—茂汶—汶川—泸定地震带上.汶川地震所在地段是地震前兆和中小地震（M≤7.0）的空白区,震前出现明显的孕震空区,M_S8.0级地震发生在空区周围区域中小地震活动峰值之后的减少段里.地震的破裂超出孕震空区范围,空区内、外余震活动呈现出不同的衰减特征,依此将余震活动分为WS和NE两个区段.地震破裂过程、4级以上余震矩张量及震区应力场反演和余震应力降的测定结果表明,两个区域的位错、余震机制解和应力降及最大主应力的方〖JP2〗向等明显有别.根据这些特征和地震应力触发的研究,推测NE段地震的发生可能是〖JP〗由WS段主破裂的发生所触发.  相似文献   

地震触发研究中库仑应力随摩擦系数增加而增大的矛盾及其解决   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

朱守彪  缪淼 《地球物理学报》2016,59(1):169-173

近年来,通过计算库仑破裂应力变化研究地震触发及断层的相互作用,进而估计地震灾害已经成为国际上研究的热点.研究中,为考察库仑模型触发地震的效果,计算时往往要改变模型参数进行检验,特别是让有效摩擦系数从0.0到0.8之间变化.许多研究人员的计算结果表明,库仑破裂应力随着摩擦系数的增加而增大,即断层上摩擦系数的增大可以导致触发地震能力的提高.这显然与我们的常识相违背:摩擦总是阻碍断层滑动、抑制地震发生的,即断层面上的摩擦越大,地震越是难以被触发.文中通过对库仑破裂应力的计算公式进行详细分析后发现,之所以出现摩擦越大,地震越容易被触发的现象,其原因是研究者在计算中没有考虑在构造应力作用的环境里,摩擦系数本身的变化所带来的附加库仑应力变化.若某个地震使一个位于地下15km的典型断层面上的正应力增加2 MPa,如果只考虑静岩压力,当摩擦系数从0.3增大到0.4后,传统库仑破裂应力变化为0.8 MPa;而综合库仑应力变化则大约为-39.2 MPa.所以,若从整体上来分析断层在地震位错及摩擦系数变化所造成的综合库仑应力改变,就不可能出现库仑应力随摩擦系数增加而增加的不正常现象.由此可见,今后在利用库仑模型研究地震触发问题时,应综合考虑构造应力场及摩擦系数本身变化所带来的库仑应力变化.  相似文献   

新疆喀什-乌恰交汇区潮汐触发地震活动的统计检验     

李金  蒋海昆  桂荣  宋金  冀战波  温少妍 《中国地震》2014,30(1):64-73

基于Schuster检验及Permutation检验方法,对喀什-乌恰交汇区地震活动受固体潮触发情况进行日尺度及月尺度检验。其中日尺度分别选取引潮力南北分量、东西分量及潮汐体应力作为潮汐曲线。研究结果显示,该地区地震活动均较多的发生于3种潮汐的最大值(相位0°)附近,优势发震相位分别为-5.86°、6.60°以及-15.52°,且发生地震的频次随潮汐力的增大而增加;利用3种潮汐曲线(引潮力日尺度南北分量、东西分量以及潮汐体应力)对所有地震进行Schuster检验所得pS值分别为10.52%、2.40%以及2.06%,Permutation检验所得pP值分别为10.90%、2.40%以及2.06%,其中基于引潮力东西分量及潮汐体应力的pS、pP值均低于潮汐触发地震的阈值0.05。月尺度Schuster检验pS值及Permutation检验pP值结果均非常小(接近于0),远低于潮汐触发地震阈值0.05,优势发震相位φ为-1.91°,较为接近月尺度下的固体潮最大值0°(即农历朔、望)。对潮汐触发地震的统计学检验结果即东西向潮汐触发效应大于南北向触发效应的原因进行了初步解释。  相似文献   

祁县井水温和水位的奇异潮汐关系探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马玉川  王博 《中国地震》2014,30(1):55-63

山西祁县井水温潮汐相位超前于水位,异于正常的水温和水位潮汐的动态关系。本文介绍了此现象的记录图像,通过水温和水位同震响应数据核实仪器时间系统,证实此现象是客观的;利用调和分析方法计算出逐月水温与水位潮汐变化的时间差,表明此现象存在于整个观测中。根据水温和水位潮汐相位相关性分析及观测条件调查,认为祁县井水温潮汐相位超前于水位的现象是在特定观测条件下,因井水流动不畅引起的特殊的水温水位关系。  相似文献